Invariable Adjectives in Spanish

It is sometimes said that Spanish adjectives that are nouns, such as naranja and rosa, are invariable, and that you should say, e.g. coches naranja, pantalones rosa, or otherwise coches color naranja, pantalones color rosa, etc. However, some native native speakers find it quite acceptable to use phrases such as coches naranjas. As one correspondent wrote to this site: Are they wrong, or is it a regional thing, or has it now become acceptable? I teach Spanish, I love the Spanish language, and I find grammar fascinating — I want to make sure I am teaching my pupils correct usage. The Basics of Invariable Adjectives The short answer is that there is a variety of ways of saying orange cars, and that both coches naranjas and coches naranja are among them. In traditionally correct usage, naranja or rosa as an adjective of color should remain unchanged, even when modifying a plural noun. However, Spanish (like all living languages) is changing, and in some areas, especially in Latin America, a construction such as los coches rosas would be perfectly acceptable and even preferable. But the rule stated above is correct: Invariable adjectives (usually a noun being used as an adjective) dont change form regardless of whether theyre describing something that is singular or plural. There arent many such adjectives, the most common being macho (male) and hembra (female), so it is possible to talk about, for example, las jirafas macho, the male giraffes, and las jirafas hembra, the female giraffes. Generally, the invariable adjectives are that way because they are thought of as nouns (as are la hembra and el macho), and they include the colors that come from names of things; esmeralda (emerald), mostaza (mustard), naranja (orange), paja (straw), rosa (rose), and turquesa (turquoise) are among them. In fact, as in English, almost anything can become a color if it makes sense to do so. So cafà © (coffee) and chocolate can be colors, as can oro (gold) and cereza (cherry). In some areas, even the expression color de hormiga (ant-colored) can be used as a way to say something is ugly. There is a variety of ways these nouns can be used as colors. Probably the most common, as you said, is along the lines of la bicicleta color cereza for the cherry-colored bicycle. Thats short for la bicicleta de color de cereza. Saying la bicicleta cereza is a way of shortening it even more. So the logic of saying las bicicletas cereza for the cherry-colored bicycles is that were using a shortened form of las bicicletas de color de cereza. Or at least that might be an easier way to think about it than thinking about cereza as an invariable adjective. In other words, los coches naranja would be entirely proper, although some variation of los coches (de) color (de) naranja might be more common in actual usage, again depending on the area. What can happen over time, however, is that a noun used in this way can come to be thought of as an adjective, and once its thought of as an adjective it probably will change form for plurals (and possibly gender). In Latin America, especially, some of these words (particularly naranja, rosa and violeta) are treated as typical adjectives that change in number. So referring to los coches naranjas would also be correct. (It should be noted that in some areas the adjective anaranjado also is frequently used for orange). Proper Names Often Used as Invariable Adjectives As indicated above, macho and hembra are probably the common traditionally invariable adjectives (although you will often hear them made plural, perhaps more often than not). Others of more recent use include monstruo (monster) and modelo (model). Almost all of the other invariable adjectives youll come across are either proper names (such as Wright in los hermanos Wright, the Wright brothers, or Burger King in los restaurantes Burger King) or adjectives borrowed from foreign languages. Examples of the latter include web as in las pà ¡ginas web for the web pages and sport as in los coches sport for the sports cars. Key Takeaways Invariable adjectives, of which there are few in Spanish, are adjectives that dont change form in feminine and plural forms.Traditionally, the names of many colors are the most common invariable adjectives, although in modern usage they are often treated as regular adjectives.Invariable adjectives added to the language in recent years include brand names and words imported from English.

Similarities Between The Odyssey And Harry Potter - 996 Words

The Hero’s Journey: Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone and The Odyssey Published in the 8th century B.C.E and 1997 respectively, both The Odyssey by Homer and Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone by J. K. Rowling are universally known arts of literature. The Hero’s Journey is a commonly used trope incorporated in numerous amounts of tales. This trope involves a hero who goes on a journey, finds himself in a crisis, defeats his enemies, and comes home changed. Harry Potter, the main character in Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, encounters many conflicts and meets helpful mentors on his adventure. Similarly, Odysseus, the main character in The Odyssey, encounters various monsters and obstacles, too. Both Harry Potter and the†¦show more content†¦All in all, both mighty main characters go on exciting journeys, but eventually they are able to return home. Unexpectedly, both Odysseus and Harry are surprised with a â€Å"call† to leave their homes and pass their comfort zones. Odysseus is called to take part in the Trojan War and Harry Potter is invited to start school at Hogwarts: The School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. When Harry Potter receives an invitation for Hogwarts, his aunt and uncle (Uncle Vernon and Aunt Petunia) aren’t too happy to see the letter. â€Å"Harry dodged the Smelting stick and went to get the mail†¦a letter for Harry. Harry picked it up and stared at it, his heart twanging like a giant elastic band. No one, ever, in his whole life, had written to him.† This excerpt from the text explains how Harry Potter felt when he received this letter. It also shows how this call affected him and how it took him out of his comfort zone. Furthermore, In The Odyssey, Odysseus is notified that he must travel to Troy to fight the Trojan war. He sets out to this land when his son is only a few years of age and leaves his family. As Homer describes, â€Å"What of my sailing, then, from Troy?† This quote is a direct statement from Odysseus, in which he is reminded of his departure from his beloved island. In summary, the call to action phase of the Hero’s Journey trope is revealed to both Harry and Odysseus. Because of the daunting trails they are soon to face, both characters encounter a mentor that will guide them to achieveShow MoreRelatedCompare And Contrast Odysseus And Harry Potter759 Words   |  4 Pagesimagination who don’t even exist in this world but always stay in our mind. Odysseus and Harry Potter are well-known heroes. They both have similar circumstances to become great heroes, but also have some different things among them. For the similarities of Odysseus and Harry Potter, the first thing is they both faced temptations. In the Odyssey, Odysseus lured away from his home in the quest for glory. 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His research and consulting interests have been divided equally between operations management and project management; he has published numerous articles in these areas, plus a text on project management. He has also conducted research with colleagues in the International Project Management Association. Cliff has been

Ineffective Meetings Selective In Nature †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: How can a chairperson keep the meeting focused on the agenda? How does discussion impose the biggest challenge in a meeting? Answers: Contrast the characteristics of effective and effective meetings Firstly, effective meetings are inclusive while ineffective meetings are selective in nature. Effective meetings aim at including the ideas and opinions of each member who is involved in the meeting. On the other hand, ineffective meetings are selective. Those in authority make decisions their own decisions. The views of most of the members in the meeting are not represented. Secondly, the agenda in effective meetings can be fixed or flexible while in ineffective meetings, the agenda is fixed. In effective meetings, members are free to discuss agenda deeply where there is a need for such discussion. On ineffective meetings, seniors have hidden agenda and therefore such meetings tend to be rigid. Thirdly, in effective meetings, leaders do not use their power to oppress other members while in ineffective meetings, positional power is mostly used by leaders to dictate what should be done. Explain why it is important to have a meeting agenda, and how a meeting agenda could improve participants meeting engagement Agenda are important because they help those involved in a particular meeting, to identify the major topics of discussion of that day. Members, therefore, have knowledge of what should be discussed. Unplanned topics should not be brought to the table. Secondly, agenda help people to do away with excuses. The agenda of discussion of a meeting are prior given to the members to ensure that they prepare for the meeting. One can therefore not complain that he or she was not ready for discussion when the agenda is available. Thirdly, agenda help people to get serious and ready for discussions(A. Allen Beck 2014). When people have agenda to focus on, they become serious keeping in mind that their views are important in that particular meeting. They, therefore, do not waste time during the day of the meeting. To improve member engagement and participation, the agenda should be distributed among the participants to ensure that everybody actively participates in that particular meeting. Decisions on all the agenda will, therefore, be made from this discussion. Every member should feel free to share his or her ideas based on the agenda scheduled for that day. First of all, the chairperson should control the meeting by ensuring that the members do not deviate from the topic of discussion. The chairman interrupts with the opinions of a member who brings another issue of discussion, which is not part of the discussion of that day. Secondly, the chairperson, with the help of the members, should set a specific time of discussion for each agendum. This ensures that there is no extra time for discussion of unscheduled ideas. Thirdly, the chairperson should remind the members of the major ideas of discussion to ensure that they maintain their focus on those ideas. He or she should also remind the members of the same, as the meeting proceeds. Select and name the common pieces of accurate and error free documentation required for the meeting, and what attributes should they display? One of the key documents required for a meeting is the attendance sheet. This is a document designed by rows and columns, which is used to display the names of those who attended the meeting. The names of the attendees are filed in this document with respect to other information such contact and position in the organization. The code of conduct is another important document. It is also called the code of ethics. This document displays the rules and regulations which govern that organization. Every member in the meeting is required by the law, to abide by those rules. A copy of the previous meeting is also an important document in a meeting. This one should be accurately prepared. After confirmation, it is signed by the chairperson and the secretary. It displays the issues which were discussed in the previous meeting. Outline and organize the key factors to consider when distributing documents, and recording and producing minutes within the designated timeline When distributing documents, it is important to ensure that each member in a meeting gets a copy or access to the document distributed. This helps to make sure that everyone in the meeting is aware and contributes to discussions based on that particular meeting document. The documents should be neat and clear. When recording minutes and other meeting documents, accuracy should be an essential factor to consider. This helps to ensure that recorded issues are true and as discussed(Mandl, Hauser Mandl 2013). When producing minutes, care should be taken to ensure that the minutes do not fall into hands of third-hand parties. Discuss the task and maintenance roles of the members of a meeting and give examples of each role Some of the task roles are as outlined below. The information seeker has the role of looking for information from different primary and secondary sources while still putting into practice the relevant facts.An evaluator has the role of critically examining issues according to the basis of certain theories and logic. For example, an evaluator may use theories such as AbrahamsMaslows theory, to explain why some basic issues should be first dealt with, and not others. On maintenance roles, the harmonizer has the responsibility of uniting the members, when differences arise among them. His or her major role is to spread peace, harmony, and unity among the group members. For instance, when a certain member becomes aggressive, the harmonizer cools him or her down. A follower, on the other hand, is less involved in the discussion but keeps into account all that is being mentioned. He or she is usually not too talkative and does not actively participate in the meeting. For instance, such a member will record in a notebook; the issues discussed but may not raise any question regarding them. Explain the terms defensive role and dysfunctional role Defensive roles are those roles which aim at protecting an organization or a board when serious crises arise. These include lawyers, security officers among other experts in that field. On the other hand, dysfunctional roles refer to those roles, which are not in any way helpful to the organization. These roles are performed by aggressors, play personals, noise makers among many others. They have no positive contribution to the meeting or organization. Discussion, though a good method of expressing ideas may be very challenging in meetings. Meetings are scheduled to take place within a certain period of time. Discussion forces people to talk so much as they question and answer each other. Most of the issues might be repeated in discussions as different members air out their views and opinions. Discussions also give an opportunity to those who play dysfunctional roles, to intervene and brings compromising issues which might lead to disagreements and even wastage of time. Describe how the chairperson can guide the discussion. The chairperson can lead a discussion by following a certain criterion. If it is the first time the members are meeting, the chairperson should take the initiative to introduce the members by their names and possibly by their position, after which they should feel free to communicate and give their opinions. The chairperson can now proceed and deduce a topic of discussion. The topic should be understandable to all members in the meeting. He or she should now foster an open process through which the members can discuss their ideas and opinions in an orderly manner. In this process, the chairperson should make sure that all members in the meeting are actively involved. Those members who seem to be dormant or partially passive in the meeting should be provoked to air out their ideas. The chairperson, with the help of other members, should ask questions to enquire more advanced clarifications on disturbing issues. The chairperson should now guide the members to summarize their discussion and findings and finally come up with relevant solutions to issues discussed. He or she should now give his or her end remarks and guide the members to make plans for future discussion. By so doing, a chairperson can effectively lead discussions Identify the follow-up activities to a meeting. There are several follow up activities that may make meetings successful. To start with, the chairperson should follow up closely and ensure that they are published. Members are usually likely to react positively to issues when action towards them is taken promptly. The published minutes should be complete and error free, including important details such as date, venue and time, attendees, major agenda discussed, and agreements made. Additionally, the leader of the meeting should follow up members who are assigned tasks during the meeting, before the next meeting is conducted. This helps to make sure that all tasks are under constant progress and all activities are accomplished as per the stated dates and time. Debriefing is another major follow up activities which make meetings effective. This is the process in which the leader of the meeting questions the members on how issues and activities are handled. This is usually carried out after the meeting. Members give their opinions on the strengths of the meeting, and where implementation of changes should be done. What steps can the meeting chairperson take, both during and after meeting, to ensure that the minutes are accurate and reflect the decisions taken at the meeting? To ensure that minutes are accurate, the chairperson should keep a record of the major issues discussed and solutions of the discussion. This will help him or her, to compare his or her records with those of the secretary or the recorder of the meeting. Additionally, the chairperson should often remind the minute taker to record some major solutions to problems of the issues discussed, as the meeting proceeds. During the publication of the minutes, the chairperson should confirm that the meetings are accurately recorded before the final document, (which will be used as the previous minutes in the next meeting), is printed and published. Explain why it is important to take accurate minutes of a meeting but not to record the conversation verbatim Recording accurate minutes is very important. First of all, minutes are very important in providing protection to a company or organization. When crises occur, the court might ask for the previous minutes, to confirm issues discussed. An organization can fall into serious crises when this documentation is not available. Secondly, minutes are used to measure the success or failure of an organization. It is through the minutes that decisions made can be evaluated if they were put into practice. Additionally, the action is taken in reference to the issues discussed and recorded in minutes. References Allen, J Beck, T 2014, 'Understanding workplace meetings: A qualitative taxonomy of meeting purposes', Management Research Review, pp. 791-814. Mandl, C, Hauser, M Mandl, H 2013, 'Interdependency of Meetings and Organizations', In The Co-creative Meeting, pp. 21-27.

World Civilizations 1500 Essays (1401 words) - Mesoamerica

World civilizations 1500 March 17, 1999 1. Essay form (7%) 2. Tenochtitlan case study (10%) 3. Mozambique case study (13%) 4. Comparison of Tenochtitlan and Mozambique cases (15%) 5. Summary of the gun powder arguments in Stearns (35%) 6. Discussion and critique of gun powder arguments in the light of the Tenochtitlan and Mozambique case studies (20%) In the past wars were fought to gain land, wealth, and fame. Two such examples of this are the battle of Tenochtitlan and Mozambique. These are two battles that disprove the gun powder superiority theory. Certain countries look to get an advantage, by incorporating such things as guns, canons, and steel armor. Some countries look to gain an advantage through superior numbers. Several Army leaders simply believed they were superior to their adversaries. Such as the case in Tenochtitlan. The purpose for the invasion of Mexico is not clear however, has stated above it is usually for power, land, or money. In this case Cortes was looking for gold that he hoped he could take from a primitive people. In April 1521Cortes had reached Tenochtitlan. This would mark the beginning of the battle between the Spanish and the Aztec. Before the Spanish arrived in Mexico, a sickness broke out. This epidemic was small pox. Small pox decimated villages. Small pox caused blemishes on people faces, it caused their bodies to become stiff, and made some people unable to move. "And when things were in this state, the Spaniards came..." (Sources, 70 L.). Twelve Spanish boats had come, traveling the coast and looking for places to land. The Spanish managed to get two boats in. It is documented that these boats came in fighting. "There were deaths on both sides, and on both sides captives were taken." (Sources, 70 L.). It is recorded that at the first sight of the Spaniards the natives ran. W ith the village emptied the Spaniards took as they pleased. As the Spaniards continued they came to a place where the fortress was well fortified. This presented no obstacle as they used their canons to blast down the wall. "and the fourth time finally the wall went to the ground once and for all..." (sources, 70 L.) Once inside, the Tzilacatzin and some other warriors went out to face the oncoming Spaniards. These warriors used nothing more than stones repeal the oncoming Spanish. This sent the Spaniards retreating. Some of these warriors hid in the dense brush, and as the Spaniards came through the warriors ambush them. The Spaniards had come with gunpowder and guns and when ambushed these guns did not help. The selection is not specific but I don't believe the Aztec had guns of any kind. "Then he went and threw a Spaniard down, knocking him to the ground..." (Sources 71 L.). The captives were taken to Yacacolca and sacrificed. Spanish first and all other second. The heads were h ung on skull racks facing the East. The Aztec won this battle but it would be short-lived. The second example is the battle in Mozambique. This is similar to the previously described battle in that the natives seemed fearful at first, and retaliated to win the battle. The Portuguese arrived in the rivers of Cuama in the year 1593. Dom Pedro de Sousa led them. This battle was a retaliation of an earlier battle in which the Zimba had killed one of the Portuguese priests. Dom Pedro de Sousa obtained information about his enemy and quickly raised an army. "... 200 Portuguese and 1500 Kaffirs..." (sources, 65 L.) He also took various pieces of artillery, which he wanted to use on the walls. When this failed he was determined to enter by assault. He had part of the trench filled, through which several of his soldiers were wounded by the arrows being shot from above. The natives also used boiling fat and water, which they poured on the attackers and scalded them. They also used iron hooks, which they would stick through the holes of the wall and grab anyone who came too close and wounded them mortally. Following this encounter the captain ordered his men back to camp so they could rest and tend to the wounded. The captain had an idea that would put his men on